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Biology 3310 - Spring 2008
Dr. Dirnberger
"Indeed, invertebrate zoology was not a term that then existed (since Lamarck was to be the first to distinguish vertebrates from invertebrates). What he [Lamarck] was occupying was the chair of all the zoology that nobody wanted. Birds, mammals, reptiles, fishes-- there were men eager to profess them all. What was left over -- in God's good creation and the dusty museum drawers -- was a lot of vermin in the way of snails, squids, spiders, insects, scorpions, worms, and such coquillage as oysters, lobsters, shrimps and the like. This protean rubbish had baffled Linnaeus and all the other systematizers, and it had neither been classified nor seriously examined. In short, it was in limbo -- the midden of God's lowlier efforts. And it was nineteen-twentieths of the animal kingdom."
-- A description of invertebrate zoology as it existed when the naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck was appointed its chair following the French Revolution: -Donald Culross Peattie, Green Laurels: The Lives and Achievements of the Great Naturalists. Simon and Shuster, Inc., New York, 1936.
"It will be observed, then, that our efforts are not merely to accumulate as great a mass of animal remains as possible. On the contrary, we are expending even more time than would be required for the collection of the specimens alone, in rendering what we do obtain as permanently valuable as we know how, to the ecologist as well as to the systematist. It is quite probable that the facts of distribution, life history, and economic status may finally prove to be of more far-reaching value, than whatever information is obtainable exclusively from the specimens themselves."
-- Joseph Grinnell, zoologist and early ecologist who developed and implemented a detailed protocol for recording field observations
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