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Entoprocta

(= Kamptozoa)

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This phylum's 'place'
relative to other phyla:

Metazoan

Triploblast

‘Platyhelminthes-Rotifer-Lophotrochozoa’ group

Lophotrochozoa?

Lophophorata?

Selected taxa within this taxon:
(not responsible for any classes within this phylum)

~150 species

General Characteristics:

Ring of tentacles but differ from lophophore:

anus within ring
water flows in opposite direction
no coelomic cavity within tentacles

muscular attachment disc, stalk, cup-shaped calyx (stolon in colonial forms)

small; isolated individuals, or as colonies.

most marine, Suspension feeders by means of tentacles, however some species occur commensally on animals that have their own feeding current system (e.g. poriferans),

Phylogeny

18S ribosomal DNA suggests that the Entoprocts belong in the ‘Lophotrochozoan clade’ along with the Bryozoa, though entoprocts are more closely related to cycliophorans.
A cladistic analysis of 27 genera based on 20 characters supports a close relationship between ectoprocts and Bryozoa (Badorf 2001)

Cleavage is determinate and spiral developing in to classic trochophore larvae.

Why then have invertebrate zoologists been so reluctant in classifying entoprocts with the lophophorate phyla?

Lecture Sources:

Pechenik. Jan A. 2000. Biology of the Invertebrates. McGraw-Hill, New York.

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/help/taxaform.html University of California Museum of Paleontology.

http://www.teaching-biomed.man.ac.uk/bs1999/bs146/biodiversity/metadiv.htm Graham Davison University of Manchester SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES.

http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/courses/Tatner/biomedia/home/home.htm Glasgow University Zoology Museum

http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ BIODIDAC:A bank of digital resources for teaching biology

Return to
Phylogenetic Tree

Return to Invertebrate Zoology Home

Dr. D.'s Home Page

Navigation
This phylum's 'place' relative to other phyla: Metazoan Triploblast ‘Platyhelminthes-Rotifer-Lophotrochozoa’ group Lophotrochozoa? Lophophorata?	Selected taxa within this taxon: (not responsible for any classes within this phylum)